This is an interesting paper. Though I only read the abstract, it seems like real-time performance could be achieved by utilizing GPUs for B-spline calculations. Would be awesome for video games if real-time performance can be achieved!
Can you run the algorithm on graphic resource first to produce vector graphics and then do the emulator stuff? Seems to me feasible and you can run two copies of the game (one with vector graphics one without in the background to ensure the correctness of emulator).
If one were to port a game, then before displaying the buffer, one can generate vector graphics before sending it to the frame buffer. While you can potentially display both the buffers, I am sure the vectorization phase will be computationally intensive (thus low fps).
