Unfortunately iOS is filled with call-homes to apple servers with all sorts of telemetry data. You can "turn off" exact lat/long coordinates (location data), however your cell provider can triangulate your position and apple can triangulate via wifi/other Apple products. Read about how Airtags work.
I think they knew that, as they mentioned they could get the location that way. Though Apple can’t use AirTags to triangulate positions, since they are just uncorrelated random number to Apple—only once they are decrypted locally can your device find the location of another device that it knows about.
The other way to be aware of by which websites do get location though is from GeoIP.
